~{;zFw7-RkTZL(MeV.QP>?Sk7"U9~}

~{KU?KRc~} 1993/2/25  (Rev. 1997/3/07)

~{R;!";zFw7-RkO5M3TZL(Me5D7"U98E?v~}

~{O`6TSZC@9z!"KUA*;rVP9z4sB=#,L(MeTZ;zFw7-Rk7=Cf5DQP>?#,?*J<5CO`51Mm!#R;V15=~} 
1985~{Dj~} 5 ~{TB#,2ESPGe;*4sQ'5g;z9$3LQP>?KySkS"H:5gDT9+K>:OWw#,SIKU?KRc=LJZ4xAl~}
~{A=N;Vz@m?*J?S"::;zFw7-RkO5M3!#=SVxL(Me4sQ'WJQ69$3LQP>?Ky~} (~{AVR;Et=LJZVw~}
~{3V~})~{!"9$R5<?T:5gWSKy~} (~{5gM(Ky5DG0Im#,SIUEUU;MOHIzVw3V~})~{!"L(MeKIOBQP>?Ky~} 
(~{9y?!=[OHIzVw3V~})~{!"L(MeMu029+K>~} (~{;FJ@5@OHIzVw3V~})~{!"=;M(4sQ'WJQ69$3LQP>?Ky~} (~{@n~}
~{N}?Ky~} (~{UE?!J"=LJZVw3V~})~{!"WJ2_;a2zF7?*7"4&~} (
~{AuAzAz2)J?Vw3V~}) ~{5H#,R26?!#4KMb#,VPQkQP>?T:WJQ6Ky!"=;M(~}
~{2?5gPEQP>?Ky5H5%N;#,KdH;C;SP;zFw7-Rk5DQP>???;zFw7-Rk5DHKSz@4Sz6`#,N*AKHC4s?PD5C<095M(Rb<{5D;z;a#,L(Me~}
~{4S~} 1988 ~{DjFp#,C?Dj6<>Y0lR;4N?T:5D3B?K=!=LJZ<0;F>SHJ=LJZ3o0l5ZR;!"6~~}
~{=l~})~{#,2"2;6(FZ>YPP8wJ=P!PMLVB[;a!#TZ8wOn;n6/HUGw;}<+V.:s#,4su5CSP1XR*3IA"~}
~{R;8vU}J=5DWiV/#,@4MF6/Ub7=Cf5DQP>?!#Rr4K#,?5%N;A*O5!#Q';a3IA"VA=qRQ@z~}
~{H}Dj#,TZ5ZR;HN@mJB3$P;Ge?!=LJZ<05Z6~HN@mJB3$3B?K=!=LJZ4x6/OB#,3I<(l3H;!#~}

~{3}AKY0lAKR;4N!8~}
~{;zFw7-RkQPLV;a!9#,2"Q{Gk5=H}N;9z?P!Wi~} (Special Interest Group
on Machine Translation~{#,?7"U9RQO`51=!H+!#~}

~{G0CfKyLa5DJG;zFw7-RkTZQ'Ju<0QP>?5%N;=xPP5DGiPN#,=SOB@4R*=iI\D?G09$R5=gILF7~}
~{;/5DGiPN!#G0CfLa5=5D<88vQP>?P!WiVP#,Ge;*4sQ'5g;zQP>?KySkS"H:5gDT9+K>:OWw5D~}
~{?HKT1SZ~} 1988 ~{Dj~} 2 ~{TBG(VAPBVq?FQ'9$R5T0Gx#,~}
~{3IA"VBT6?F<<9+K>#,??*7"!#D?G0JGRTS"::O5M3N*Vw#,TZ9$Ww~}
~{U>IOV4PP#,2"SZ~}1989 ~{Dj~} 7 ~{TB?*J4S~}
~{JBS"::;zRkQP>?R;6NJ1FZV.:s#,Rr9JVPV9!#T-OH5DQP>?HKT1WTWiE7L)9+K>#,-!9~})~{!#4KMb#,7;#,7"PPTZ8vHK5gDTIOV4PP5DS"::<0::S"O5M3~} (~{9c8fIOP{3F;9SPFdK{J}VV~}
~{SoQTEd6T~})~{!#H;6xUbP)8vHK5gDTIO5DHmLe#,?VEB6<;92;JGUfU}J5SC5D2zF7~} (~{RbV8D\9;4s~}
~{A?!"?lKY!"GR?IN,3VR;6(F7VJ5D7-Rk~})~{!#~}

~{3}AKIOJv5DQP7";n6/V.Mb#,L(Me?ID\;9SPFdK{5%N;TZQP>??*7";zFw7-Rk!#O^SZJV1_WJ~}
~{AO#,DQCbSPREViV.:6!#6TSZDGP)REB)5D5%N;#,3}TZ4KVBG8V.Mb#,R2O#M{K{CGD\La9)WJ~}
~{AO#,RT1cHU:sSP;z;aJ1#,TYWw=iI\!#~}

~{RTOBNRCG=+6TTx>-7"1m9}B[ND#,9+?*WJAO=O6`5DO5M3#,04UUK{CGQP7"5DOH:sJ1]8w5%N;La9)5DWJAO#,H;:sTY3<07=7(#,8w5%N;RT2;M,5D1jW#:~}

~{VBT6?F<<9+K>5D;zFw7-RkO5M3~} (~{S"NDC{3FN*~} BehaviorTran)~{#,;y1>IOJGQXWTGe;*4sQ'~}
~{5g;zKySkS"H:9+K>:OWw5DQP>?SZPBVq?FQ'9$R5T0Gx3IA"~}
~{#,??*7"#,2"SZ~} 1989 ~{Dj~} 7 ~{TBU}J=IhA"6TMb5D7-Rk7~NqVPPD#,~}
~{=SJ\?M;'N/MP#,U9?*J52;6O8DIF~}
~{O5M35DP'D\<0J9SCU_=iCf!#TgFZ~} BehaviorTran ~{VwR*5D7-Rk6TOs#,JGSk5gDTSP9X5DJV~}
~{2a!"J9SCK5CwRT<0Ji<.5H!#KfVxW(R54G;c5DTvN*Vw!#~}

BehaviorTran ~{JGJtSZW*;;J=~} (Transfer) ~{5D;zFw7-RkO5M3#,RT~} C ~{SoQTIh-9}G?;/5D~} 
LR ~{FJNvFw#,LXI+HgOB~}[8]~{!C~}

1.~{!8~}Top-down ~{9}BK!9IOJG2ISIOB6xIO!!~} 
(bottom-up) ~{5DFJNv7=J=#,5+M,J1R2@{SCSo7(GP7V5D7=J=#,=+FJNvSC5DSo7(GP7V3IJ}~}
~{!!~} ~{8v4N@`So7(~} (Subgrammars)~{#,J9Fd>_SPSIIO6xOB~} (top-down) ~{7=Or5DT$2b9&D\#,1c~}
~{SZSo7(OVOs5DChJv<0]O5M35DLXJbR*Gs#,RTR;8v>dWSVP5D2?7]4J4.~}
(~{6x7GMjU{5D>dWS~}) ~{N*5%N;#,=xPPFJNv!#@}Hg#,TZFJNv1jLb:M7V@kJ=3ISo5DJ\4JJ1#,]F@7V:/J}#,I>3}?ID\PT=O5M5DFJNvB7>6#:3}AK@{SCSoQTQ'V*J6@4I>3}FgReV.Mb~}
~{#,2"RT;zBJ7=J=6I>3}#,RT~}
~{vFgRe<0?XVFO5M35DPPN*!#UbP)<v4J;c!"So7(<0SoRb8w2c4N5DFgReOVOs~} [2~{!"~}7~{!"~}9]~{!#~}

2. ~{J9SCRT_~}
~{SPR;VBPT5D4sPMWTH;SoQT4&@mO5M3!#2"RTWT6/;/!"O5M3;/5D7=J=GsH!SoQTD#J=5D2NJ}~}
~{#,8D=x4+M35D;zFw7-RkO5M3#,RTBuOrPBR;4z;zFw7-RkO5M3W7Gs5DD?1j!#~}

~{=|Dj@4SISZ~} Internet ~{5D8wVVS&SCHUPBTBRl#,SIMxB7IO?lKY3iH!WJQ65DD\A&#,2;=vJG~}
~{R;0cQP>?;z99In8PPKH$5D;0Lb#,6TR;0cILR5;z99La9)8|?lKY5DWJQ67~Nq;r=e4KLa8_1>~}
~{Im5D>:UyA&#,R2SPD*4s5DVzRf!#Rr4K~} BehaviorTran ~{QP>?P!WiR2KfJ1TZW"Rb!:O_IO<4~}
~{J1;zRk!;~}(Online Real Time MT) ~{<0!:O_IO<4J1WJQ6_"H!!;~}(Online Real Time
Information Retrieval) ~{5HS&SC5D?ID\7"U9!#=eSIIOJv;zRk<?Ky#:~}

~{L(Me4sQ'WJQ69$3LQP>?KyTZ~} 1986 ~{DjSIAVR;Et=LJZVw3V#,?*J<=xPPS"VP;zFw7-RkO5M3~} 
(~{3FN*~} NTUECMT) ~{5D;y4!QP>?#,D?1jJG=(A"R;LW;zFw8(Vz7-RkO5M3#,2"TZ4KLWO5M3IOL=~}
~{LVLXJbSoQTOVOs5D4&@m7=J=#,RTWwN*=xR;2=S&SC5D2N??3!#D?G0O5M3TZ~} SPARCstation-1
 ~{9$WwU>~} SunOS4.1.1-HLE 1.1.1 ~{5DVPND;7>3OBTKWw!#~}

NTUECMT ~{JGRTA*2"N*1>5D;zFw7-RkO5M3#,4SFJNv5=W*;;6<2ISCO`M,5D2_BT!#U{8vO5M3~}
~{<\99>_SP>yVJPT#,VwR*2?CE0|@(So7(1`RkFw!"4J5d9\@mD#Wi!"So;cD#Wi!"FJNvD#Wi!"~}
~{W*;;D#Wi!"Iz3ID#Wi:MA=8vWJAO?b~} (~{So7(WJAO?b<04J5d~})~{!#So7(1`RkFw5D9&D\JG1`RkSo~}
~{7(WJAO?b#,RT2zIzFJNvD#Wi:MW*;;D#Wi!#So7(JG1`Rk3I~} Prolog ~{3LJ=Bk!#~}NTUECMT ~{JG~}
~{R;LWWsSg!"SIOB6xIO~} (left-corner, bottom-up) ~{Q-Pr4&@m5DO5M3!#4J5d9\@mD#WiRT~} 
C ~{SoQTIhdVP5D84:O4J!"9_SC4J:MKuP44J~}
~{T$OH4&@m#,2";9T-SoPN!#FJNvD#Wi:MW*;;D#WiJGA=8v2"APV4PP5D5%T*#,TKSCWi:OT-@m~}
~{=+S"ND>dWS=a99W*;;3IVPNDJtPT=a99!#A*2"TKKc0gQ]So7(:MSoRbV*J65D=GI+#,RT0oVz~}
~{O5M3Q!Tq4JSo!"TvI>4JSo:M5wU{=a99!#TZJtPT=a99VP#,JtPT5DK3Pr6TSZA*2"TKKc2"N^~}
~{RbRe#,5+TZ>dWS5D2zIzIO#,JtPT5DK3PrH4:\VXR*!#Rr4KIz3ID#WiR@>]Ih6(K3Pr#,=+VP~}
~{NDJtPT=a99O_PT;/#,RT2zIz6TS&5DVPND>dWS!#3}AK;y1>=a995DIhdPM5DFJNv<07-Rk!"V8If7VNv<0FdTZ;zFw7-Rk5D~}
~{S&SC5H#,R26?T:5gDT<0M(Q69$R5QP>?Ky~} (~{yN*C?Dj~} 6 ~{8vHK#,Tx6T9$R5=gWw<yHKA&N*C?~}
~{Dj~} 9 ~{8vHK!#D?G0;y1><\99RQ>-Mj3I#,U}TZWwO82?5wU{!#~}

~{S"VPO5M35D<\99JGW*;;J=#,J9SCG?;/J=So>3WTSISo7(~} (Augmented Context Free Grammar)
~{<0SoRb8qSo7(~} (Case Grammar) ~{7VNv>dWS#,TY8y>]R@4f=a99~} (DependencyStructure)
~{WwW*;;#,W*;;:sJ9SC8qN;QyPM~} (Case Pattern) ~{=xPP:O3I!#9fTr?b5D4sP!N*#:~}(1)
~{3$>d6O>d~} (Long Sentance Segmentation)~{#:~}35 ~{Lu#,~}(2) ~{PNL,7VNv#:~}45 ~{Lu#,~}(3) ~{S"~}
~{ND>d7(7VNv#:~}600 ~{Lu#,~}(4) ~{SoRb7VNv#:~}100 ~{Lu#,~}(5) ~{4J;cW*;;#:~}2000 ~{Lu#,~}(6) ~{So7(W*~}
~{;;#:~}50 ~{Lu#,~}(7) ~{VPND:O3I#:~}400 ~{Lu!#WV4JRT?r<\~} (Frame) ~{=a991mJ>#,0|:,SoRb7V@`~}
~{<07VNvKyPh5D8w@`PEO"!#R;0c4J;cSP~} 50,000 ~{4J#,5gDTW(R54J5dSP~} 15,000 ~{4J!#U{8v~}
~{O5M3JGRT~} Lisp ~{SoQTP43I#,?ITZ8vHK5gDTIOV4PP!#~}

~{HUVPO5M3R2JG2IW*;;J=#,J9SCG?;/J=So>3O^VFSo7(~} (Augmented Context Sensitive
Grammar) ~{<0SoRb8qSo7(=xPP7VNv#,6xRT8qN;QyPM=xPP:O3I!#W*;;<0Iz3I5DWw7(:MS"VPO5~}
~{M3O`M,!#9fTr?b5D4sP!N*#:~}(1) ~{PNL,7VNv#:~}860 ~{Lu#,~}(2) ~{>d7(7VNv#:~}800~{Lu#,~}(3) ~{SoRb~}
~{7VNv#:~}97 ~{Lu#,~}(4) ~{4J;cW*;;#:~}94 ~{Lu#,~}(5) ~{:O3I#:~}306 ~{Lu!#4J5d=a99:MS"VPO5M3O`M,~}
~{#,92SP;y1>4J;c~} 79,180 ~{4J!#O5M3RT~} C ~{SoQTP43I#,TZ~} Sun SPARC ~{9$WwU>IOV4PP!#~}

4. ~{L(MeKIOBQP>?Ky~} (Matsushita Electric Institute of Technology, Taipei)

~{L(MeKIOBQP>?Ky4S~} 1987 ~{Dj~} 9 ~{TB?*J<7"U9HUVP7-RkO5M3~} (~{3FN*~} MITTRAN)~{#,SI9y?!=[~}
~{OHIz5#HN?4J5d5D4JOnSP~} 60,000 ~{8v!#U{8vO5M3RT~}C 
~{SoQTP43I#,TZ~} Solbourne ~{O5AP5D~} UNIX ~{9$WwU>IOV4PP!#D?G02"99=(AKR;8vSo7(7"U9;7~}
~{>3#,La9)ChJvJwW4=a99W*;;~} (Tree Transducing) ~{5DSoQT!#~}

5. ~{=;M(4sQ'WJQ69$3LQP>?Ky~}

~{=;M(4sQ'WJQ69$3LQP>?Ky5DVPS";zFw7-Rk?!#D?G0HKA&SP2)J?0`~} 1 ~{HK#,K6J?0`~} 4 ~{HK!#Ub8vVPS"7-RkO5~}
~{M32ISCW*;;J=<\99!#VPND6O4J<04J@`1jv4J~}
~{;cFgRe7=Cf#,O5M3J9SC5DJGLXag=a99~} (Feature Structure)~{!#TZ=a99W*;;7=Cf#,~}CEMAT
 ~{J9SC5DJGR;VV~} Top-down Guided Bottom-up Structure Transfer ~{5DWw7(!#UbVVW*;;~}
~{7=J=JG8y>]Wi:OT-@m~} (Compositionality Principle)~{#,=+OB2cPEO"4x5=IO2c=Z5c!#O5~}
~{M32"LX1p4&@mAKVPND5D!80Q!9WV>d<0C{No;/=a99~} (Nominalization)~{!#6xD?1jSo5DIz3I~}
~{JGRT9fTr@4G}6/~}(Rule-Driven)~{!#Iz3ISo7(5DPNJ=JG~} X ~{1j8\@mB[~} (X-bar Theory) ~{<0~}
~{8E;/=a99So7(!#~}

6. ~{Ge;*4sQ'WJQ6?FQ'QP>?Ky~}

~{Ge;*4sQ'WJQ6?FQ'Ky4S~} 1990 ~{Dj?*J?S"VP7-RkO5M3#,d7(FJNv!"W*;;<0:O3IQP>?~}
~{!#FdVP>d7(FJNvJGRT~} PROLOG ~{SoQTVFWw3LJ=!#O5M32ISCd7(9fTr<0A*2"J=5DM<~}
~{1mFJNv7=J=!#W*;;2?7]JGSIVw6/J=5DK+So4J5dG}6/#,=xPPSPO^5DW*;;6/Ww!#VPND7-Rk~}
~{2?7]JG2ISCRTO5M3So7(N*;y4!5D>dWS:O3IFw!#~}

~{AmMbTZ~} 1991 ~{Dj#,WJQ6?FQ'QP>?Ky;9RTS!1m;zJ9SCJV2aN*SoAO#,QP>?WT6/2zIzS"ND<0~}
~{VPND>dWS5D7=7(!#K{CGJGRT>dWSVPC{4JWiV.d7(=a99!#~}

~{4S~} 1992 ~{DjFp#,WJQ6?FQ'QP>?Ky?*J<4SJBU{:OJ=S"VP7-RkO5M35DQP>?!#K{CGU{:OAK;z~}
~{BJJ=!"76@}J=!"4+M3D#WiJ=5D;zFw7-RkWw7(#,2ISC;z6AJ=@JND514zS"::K+=b4J5d<0K+~}
~{So<_#,RTR;0cPTNDUBN*SoAO=xPPQP>?!#D?G0RQ>-Mj3I5D9$Ww0|@(~}
~{#:4J5dWJAO5D_"H!!"4JPT7VNv!"4JWi7VNv!"K+SoWJAO5D4G;c6TS&!#~}

~{AmMb#,4S~} 1992 ~{DjFp#,WJQ6?FQ'QP>?KyR2?*J??I7-Rk<0Is2i!#D?G05DP'9{>]9@-D\=ZJ!~} 50% ~{WsSR5DHKA&!#~}

~{H}!"=aSo~}

~{R;0cK5@4#,;zFw7-RkPhR*nRA?6xKvO85DV*J6~} (~{9fTr~})~{!#4+M3IO#,9iDI9fTr5D9$WwJGSIHK~}
~{@4Mj3I!#UbPhR*7G3#4sA?5DHKA&#,6xGRR2:\DQN,3VUbP)V*J65DR;VBPT!#MyMyTZdWS5D7-RkV.:s#,FdK{R;P)T-1>?IRT4&@m5D>dWS#,SV1d5CN^7(4&@m~}
~{!#PN3IOquNuN0eR;Qy#,TZD34&=+4mNsQ9OBH%#,TZ1p5D5X7=SV;aC03vPB5D4mNs!#UbVVOV~}
~{OsJ95CO5M3TZHUGwES4sV.:s#,1d5CSz@4Sz84TS!"Sz@4SzDQN,;$<08D=x!#Ub8vQOVX5DNJ~}
~{Lb#,JGPm6`RT4+M37=7(Ih15DT-Rr!#~}

~{D?G01H=OSPO#M{5D7=7(#,?ID\JGKyN=5D!8RTSoAO?bN*;y4!#,RTM3_#,=(99TZ8_2cSoQTV*J6IO5DSoQTD#J=#;~}(3) ~{R;VBPT5DFgRe=b>v7=J=~}
~{Sk?M9[5DF@7V;zVF#;~}(4) ~{G?;/?Fp2==OMm#,5+TZUbR;2(PB5DQP>?7g~}
~{31VP#,L(Me8zFdK{9zTZM,R;FpE\O_IO#,>_SP:\:C5DFu;z!#D?G09zDZM6Hk;zFw7-~}
~{QP>?5DHKA&RQBT<{9fD#!#M,J1>-9}4+2%C=Le6`4N5D1(50PBOHIz!"L(4s3BPEO#=LJZ!"5gM(Ky@hN0H(OHIz!"KIOB9y?!=[~}
~{OHIz!"=;4s@nN}ND2E5CRTK3@{Mj3I!#~}

~{KD!"2N?SHJ!"3B?K=!!"V#GoT%!"@nAUI=#,!8m5Z~} 4 ~{FZ#,~}280-305 ~{R3#,?FQ'TB?/Ig#,~}1990 ~{Dj~} 4 ~{TB!#~}

[2] Chang, J.-S., Y.-F. Luo and K.-Y. Su, "GPSM: A Generalized Probabilistic
Semantic Model for Ambiguity Resolution," Proceedings of ACL-92, pp. 177-184,
30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, 1992.

[3] Chang, J.-S. and K.-Y. Su, "A Corpus-Based Statistics-Oriented Transfer
and Generation Model for Machine Translation," Proceedings of TMI-93,
pp. 3-14, 5th Int. Conf. on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in
Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, 1993.

[4] Chen, S.-C., J.-S. Chang, J.-N. Wang and K.-Y. Su, "ArchTran: A Corpus-
Based Statistics-Oriented English-Chinese Machine Translation System,"
Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit III, pp. 33-40,~{!!~}Washington, D.C.,
USA, 1991.

[5] Chiang, T.-H., Y.-C. Lin and~{!!~}K.-Y. Su, "Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
Using A Discrimination and Robustness Oriented Adaptive Learning Algorithm",
Proceedings of COLING-92, vol. I, pp. 352-358, 14th Int. Conference on
Computational Linguistics, Nantes, France, 1992.

[6] Lin, Yi-Chung, Tung-Hui Chiang and Keh-Yih Su, "Discrimination Oriented
Probabilistic Tagging," Proceedings of ROCLING-V, ROC Computational Linguistics
Conference V, pp. 87-96, 1992.

[7] Su, K.-Y. and J.-S. Chang, "Semantic and Syntactic Aspects of~{!!~}Score
Function," Proc. of COLING-88, vol. 2, pp. 642-644, 12th Int. Conf. on
Computational Linguistics, Budapest, Hungary, 1988.

[8] Su, K.-Y. and J.-S. Chang, "Some Key Issues in Designing MT Systems,"
Machine Translation, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 265-300, 1990.

[9] Su, K.-Y., J.-N. Wang, M.-H. Su and J.-S. Chang, "GLR Parsing with
Scoring," In M. Tomita (ed.), Generalized LR Parsing, Chapter 7, pp. 93-112,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

[10] Su, K.-Y and J.-S. Chang, "Why Corpus-Based Statistics-Oriented Machine
Translation," Proceedings of TMI-92, pp. 249-262, 4th Int. Conf. on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Montreal,
Canada, 1992.

[11] Su, K.-Y., M.-W. Wu and J.-S. Chang, "A New Quantitative Quality Measure
for Machine Translation Systems," Proceedings of COLING-92, vol. II, pp. 
433-439, 14th Int. Conference on Computational~{!!~}Linguistics, Nantes, France,
1992.